Efficacy of Essential Trace Elements Supplementation on Mineral Composition, Sperm Characteristics, Antioxidant Status, and Genotoxicity in Testis of Tebuconazole-treated Rats / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Objective@#This research was performed to evaluate the effect of tebuconazole (TBZ) on reproductive organs of male rats and to assess the protective role of combined essential trace elements in alleviating the detrimental effect of TBZ on male reproductive function.@*Methods@#For this purpose, 48 rats were exposed to 100 mg/kg TBZ, TBZ supplemented with zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), copper (Cu), and iron (Fe), TBZ + (Se + Zn); TBZ + Cu; or TBZ + Fe. The experiment was conducted for 30 consecutive days.@*Results@#TBZ caused a significant perturbation in mineral levels and reduction in reproductive organs weights, plasma testosterone level, and testicular antioxidant enzyme activities. The TBZ-treated group also showed a significant increase in sperm abnormalities (count, motility, and viability percent), plasma follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone concentrations, lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, and severe DNA degradation in comparison with the controls. Histopathologically, TBZ caused testis impairments. Conversely, treatment with trace elements, in combination or alone, improved the reproductive organ weights, sperm characteristics, TBZ-induced toxicity, and histopathological modifications in testis.@*Conclusion@#TBZ exerts significant harmful effects on male reproductive system. The concurrent administration of trace elements reduces testis dysfunction, fertility, and toxicity induced by TBZ.

Relação entre consumo alimentar de vitaminas e minerais, índice de massa corporal e circunferência da cintura: um estudo de base populacional com adultos no Sul do Brasil / Relationship between dietary consumption of vitamins and minerals, body mass index, and waist circumference: a population-based study of adults in southern Brazil / Relación entre consumo alimentario de vitaminas y minerales, índice de masa corporal y circunferencia de la cintura: un estudio de base poblacional con adultos en el sur de Brasil

Resumo: O objetivo do estudo foi investigar a associação entre o consumo alimentar inadequado de micronutrientes e indicadores de obesidade geral e abdominal. Análise transversal, da segunda onda do estudo longitudinal EpiFloripa Adultos, incluindo 1.222 indivíduos de 22-63 anos, residentes em Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Sul do Brasil. Os dados de consumo alimentar foram obtidos mediante aplicação de dois recordatórios de 24 horas, sendo o consumo habitual e as prevalências de inadequação no consumo de cálcio, ferro, zinco, e das vitaminas A, C, D e E estimadas conforme as recomendações do Instituto de Medicina e do Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa dos Estados Unidos. O estado nutricional de obesidade geral foi determinado considerando-se valores do índice de massa corporal (IMC), e a obesidade abdominal, considerando-se valores da circunferência da cintura (CC). Para a maioria dos micronutrientes investigados (cálcio, vitaminas A, C, D e E), as médias de consumo mostraram-se aquém dos valores recomendados, com prevalências elevadas de inadequação para toda a amostra. Somente a inadequação no consumo de vitamina C foi maior entre indivíduos obesos (geral ou abdominal). Além disso, associação inversa foi observada entre o menor consumo de cálcio e ferro com valores maiores do IMC e da CC, e entre o menor consumo das vitaminas A e D com valores maiores da CC (β = -0,92cm; IC95%: -1,76; -0,08 e β = -0,69cm; IC95%: -1,32; -0,06, respectivamente), principalmente entre adultos jovens. Foi possível identificar a existência de associação inversa entre o consumo alimentar inadequado de micronutrientes e o estado nutricional de obesidade geral e abdominal também em uma amostra de adultos residentes no Sul do Brasil.

Abstract: The study's objective was to investigate the association between inadequate dietary consumption of micronutrients and indicators of general and abdominal obesity. Cross-sectional analysis of the second wave of the EpiFloripa Adults longitudinal study, including 1,222 individuals, aged 22-63 years and residing in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina State, Southern Brazil. Food consumption data was obtained from two 24-hour food recalls, and habitual consumption and prevalence rates of inadequate consumption of calcium, iron, zinc, and vitamins A, C, D, and E were estimated according to the Institute of Medicine and National Research Council guidelines. General obesity was defined based on the body mass index (BMI) values and abdominal obesity was based on waist circumference (WC) values. For most of the micronutrients investigated (calcium and vitamins A, C, D, and E), consumption levels were below the recommendations, with high prevalence of inadequate consumption in the sample as a whole. Only inadequate vitamin C intake was higher among obese individuals (general or abdominal). In addition, there was an inverse association between lower consumption of calcium and iron and higher BMI and WC, and between lower consumption of vitamins A and D and higher WC levels (β = -0.92cm; 95%CI: -1.76; -0.08 and β = -0.69 cm; 95%CI: -1.32; -0.06, respectively), especially in young adults. The study showed an inverse association between inadequate dietary consumption of micronutrients and general and abdominal obesity in a sample of adults in Southern Brazil.

Resumen: El objetivo del estudio fue investigar la asociación entre el consumo alimentario inadecuado de micronutrientes e indicadores de obesidad general y abdominal. Métodos: análisis transversal, de la segunda fase del estudio longitudinal EpiFloripa Adultos, incluyendo 1.222 individuos de 22-63 años, residentes en Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Sur de Brasil. Los datos de consumo alimentario fueron obtenidos mediante aplicación de dos recordatorios de 24 horas, siendo estimados, conforme las recomendaciones del Instituto de Medicina y del Consejo Nacional de Investigación, de los EEUU. El estado nutricional de obesidad general fue determinado considerándose valores del índice de masa corporal (IMC), y la obesidad abdominal, considerándose valores de la circunferencia de la cintura (CC). Para la mayoría de los micronutrientes investigados (calcio, vitaminas A, C, D y E), las medias de consumo fueron menores que las recomendaciones, con prevalencias elevadas de inadecuación para toda la muestra. Solamente la inadecuación en el consumo de vitamina C fue mayor entre individuos obesos (general o abdominal). Además, asociación inversa fue observada entre el menor consumo de calcio e hierro con valores mayores de IMC y de la CC, y entre el menor consumo de vitaminas A y D con valores mayores de la CC (β = -0,92cm; IC95%: -1,76; -0,08 y β = -0,69cm; IC95%: -1,32; -0,06), principalmente entre adultos jóvenes. Fue posible identificar la existencia de asociación inversa entre el consumo alimentario inadecuado de micronutrientes y el estado nutricional de obesidad general y abdominal en una muestra de adultos residentes en el Sur de Brasil.

Distribution of trace elements in tissues of shrimp species Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) from Bahia, Brazil / Distribuição de elementos traço em tecidos do camarão Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) da Bahia, Brasil

Abstract In this study, concentrations of trace elements in tissues of shrimp species (Litopenaeus vannamei) from farming and zone natural coastal located in the northeastern Brazil were investigated. The elements determination was performed by optical emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP OES). The following ranges of concentrations in the tissues were obtained in µg g–1 dry weight: Al: 13.4-886.5, Cd: 0.93-1.80; Cu: 24.8-152; Fe: 3.2-410.9; Mn: 0.36-24.4; Se: 0.094-9.81 and Zn: 20.3-109.4. The shrimp muscle can be a good iron source (about 88.9 mg–1g dry weight). The distribution of Se concentration in tissues showed much variation between locations, and the concentration levels found in shrimp muscles of wild samples were high, where its levels in 67% of muscle and 50% of others tissues samples exceeded the ANVISA limit, indicating evidence of selenium bioaccumulation. Significant correlation was observed between the following pairs of elements: Fe-Zn (r= –0.70), Mn-Cu (r= –0.74), Se-Cu (r= –0.68), Se-Mn (r= 0.82) in the muscles; Fe-Al (r= 0.99), Mn-Al (r= 0.62), Mn-Fe (r= 0.62), Se-Al (r = 0.88), Se-Fe (r= 0.87), Se-Mn (r= 0.58) in the exoskeleton and Cu-Zn (r = 0.68), Al-Cu (r= 0.88), Fe-Cu (r= 0.95) and Fe-Al (r= 0.97) in the viscera.

Resumo Esse estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as concentrações de elementos traço em tecidos da espécie de camarão Litopenaeus vannamei coletadas da zona costeira e de carciniculturas localizadas no nordeste do Brasil. Os elementos químicos foram determinados por espectrômetro de emissão óptica com plasma indutivamente acoplado (ICP OES). Foram encontradas as seguintes faixas de concentrações desses elementos nos tecidos (em mg g–1 peso seco): Al: 13,4-886,5; Cd: 0,93-1,80; Cu: 24,8-152; Fe: 3,2-4109; Mn: 0,36-24,4; Se: 0,094-9,81 and Zn: 20,3-109,4. O músculo do camarão investigado pode ser uma boa fonte de ferro (cerca de 88.9 mg-1g peso seco). A distribuição da concentração de Se nos tecidos apresentou muita variação entre as localidades, com níveis acima do estabelecido pela ANVISA para 67% dos musculos e 50% dos outros tecidos investigados, indicando evidências de bioacumulação do selênio. Houve correlações significativas entre os seguintes pares de elementos:: Fe-Zn (r= –0,70), Mn-Cu (r= –0,74), Se-Cu (r= –0,68), Se-Mn (r= 0,82) nos músculos, Fe-Al (r= 0,99), Mn-Al e Mn-Fe (r= 0,62), Se-Al (r = 0,88), Se-Fe (r= 0,87), Se-Mn (r= 0,58) no exoesqueleto e Cu-Zn (r = 068), Al-Cu (r= 0,88), Fe-Cu (r= 0,95) and Fe-Al (r= 0,97) nas vísceras.

Bioleaching of nickel from spent petroleum catalyst using Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans DSM-11478.

The present work deals with optimization of culture conditions and process parameters for bioleaching of spent petroleum catalyst collected from a petroleum refinery. The efficacy of Ni bioleaching from spent petroleum catalyst was determined using pure culture of Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans DSM-11478. The culture conditions of pH, temperature and headspace volume to media volume ratio were optimized. EDX analysis was done to confirm the presence of Ni in the spent catalyst after roasting it to decoke its surface. The optimum temperature for A. thiooxidans DSM-11478 growth was found to be 32 °C. The enhanced recovery of nickel at very low pH was attributed to the higher acidic strength of sulfuric acid produced in the culture medium by the bacterium. During the bioleaching process, 89% of the Ni present in the catalyst waste could be successfully recovered in optimized conditions. This environment friendly bioleaching process proved efficient than the chemical method. Taking leads from the lab scale results, bioleaching in larger volumes (1, 5 and 10 L) was also performed to provide guidelines for taking up this technology for in situ industrial waste management.

Cáncer-vitaminas-minerales: Relación compleja / Cancer-vitamins-minerals: Complex relation

Dado que la nutrición puede influenciar el proceso de carcinogénesis, los objetivos de este estudio son revisar la relación del estado nutricional y el cáncer considerando el papel de los micronutrientes como parte de la terapéutica en el paciente oncológico, así mismo su relación déficit y exceso en esta patología. La pérdida de peso del paciente se asocia con el tipo de tumor canceroso, ubicación, estadio, entre otras cosas, y de forma importante con los efectos psicógenos, anorexígenos, de malabsorción, mecánico y tóxicos que suelen ser colaterales al tratamiento antineoplásico. De allí la importancia de que el experto en nutrición debe realizar una adecuada evaluación nutricional integral que permita el diagnóstico nutricional, estudiar el patrón alimentario, determinar los efectos tóxicos del tratamiento antineoplásico para manejar los tiempos de excelencia del tratamiento, síntomas, signos y de esta manera intervenir de forma eficaz optimizando la calidad de vida del paciente y con ello la sobrevida. Existen controversias sobre qué factores alimentarios específicos están relacionados con la etiología del cáncer y los resultados de estudios sobre los factores metabólicos, de allí que la relación cáncer nutrición es compleja.

Since nutrition can influence the process of carcinogenesis, this study’s objectives are to review the relationship between nutrition and cancer from the point of view of the role of micronutrients in the treatment of cancer patients, and to get to know the deficit relationship and the excess of micronutrients, with the etiology and cancer treatment. At the same time the patient's weight loss relates, among other things, to the type of cancerous tumor, its location, stage thereof, reason for which it may be associated with the deficiency of macro and micronutrients as from psychogenic, anorectics and mal-absorption effects or with mechanical effects as obstruction, among other toxic effects that are common in the treatment of cancer. Hence, the importance that the nutrition expert must have in making an adequate overall nutritional evaluation that allows the nutritional diagnosis, in studying the dietary patterns, to determine the toxic effects of the antineoplastic treatment in order to handle the treatment’s timing excellence, symptoms and signs, and thus act effectively optimizing the patient’s life quality, and therewith his/her survival. There are controversies as to which specific dietary factors are related to cancer etiology and the results of studies on metabolic factors, and therefore, the relationship Cancer-Nutrition is quiet complex.

Influence of zinc on the status of hepatic trace elements and biokinetics of 65Zn in ethanol treated rats.

Whole body counting studies of 65Zn indicated that the Tb1 (the faster component) was significantly decreased while the slower component (Tb2) was increased significantly following ethanol treatment. Interestingly, following zinc treatment to ethanol treated rats, slower component (Tb2) of 65Zn came back to within normal limits while the faster component (Tb1) got significantly elevated in comparison to ethanol treatment. Percent uptake values of 65Zn were found to be increased in liver, intestine, muscle, brain and kidney, and decreased in bone under alcoholic conditions. Interestingly, the uptake values of 65Zn in all the organs except muscle were reverted back to within normal limits upon zinc supplementation to these ethanol intoxicated animals. A significant decrease in zinc contents was noticed in ethanol treated rats, which, however, were raised to normal levels upon zinc supplementation: Copper levels, on the other hand, were significantly enhanced in both ethanol fed and combined ethanol + zinc treated rats. Calcium levels were significantly decreased in both ethanol and zinc treated rats, which however were further reduced upon zinc supplementation to ethanol fed rats. However, no significant change was observed in the concentrations of sodium and potassium in any of the treatment groups. In conclusion, zinc appears to play a protective role by normalizing the turnover of 65Zn in whole body as well as in its uptake in different organs under alcoholic conditions.

Cincuria y cincemia en osteoporosis posmenopáusica / Osteoporosis in blood zinc level pos-menopause

Los minerales y oligoelementos son esenciales para la salud del individuo especialmente en las fases de crecimiento y durante la vejez. Al cinc, como elemento esencial se le ha atribuido un papel crucial en el crecimiento y en la estimulación de la formación ósea. Distintos autores han señalado la asociación entre la osteoporosis y la excreción urinaria de cinc y la hipercincemia, sugiriendo que estos cambios en el metabolismo óseo resultan de una reabsorción ósea incrementada en la osteoporosis. Para el desarrollo de esta investigación, a un grupo de pacientes se le aplicaron criterios de inclusión y exclusión para seleccionar un grupo con características homógeneas. Se obtuvieron así, 62 pacientes con características semejantes a las cuales se les realizó Densimetría Mineral Osea (DMO), prueba que permitió dividir la población en dos grupos: Grupo "A", constituido por 32 mujeres posmenopáusicas sanas, y con un lapso mínimo de tres años de finalización de su último período menstrual, con diagnóstico de osteoporosis evidenciado por DMO y que cumplían criterios de inclusión, y el grupo "B", constituido por 30 mujeres posmenopáusicas saludables, con masa ósea adecuada por DMO y que reunían los criterios establecidos, a los cuales se les realizó un muestreo intencional. La determinación de la cincemia en el grupo A, resultó ostensiblemente mayor (m ñ ds = 2,3 ñ 0,41) al compararla con el grupo B (m ñ ds = 1,44 ñ 0,42) con un valor t de 6,223 y una p <0,001. Al comparar la cincuria entre los grupos en estudio los valores t y p evidencian diferencias ampliamente significativas, resultados que concuerdan con los obtenidos por otros grupos de investigadores. Los indicadores de discrepancia y axactitud de la cincemia y la cincuria son altamente indicativos del valor de estos parámetros como marcadores bioquímicos de reabsorción ósea para el diagnóstico de osteoporosis

Nutrients as modulators of anergy in acquired immune deficiency syndrome.

Malnutrition induces a spectrum of immune abnormalities including a state of anergy in the host. This state is due to a decrease in CD4 + helper cells, diminished cytotoxic cell activity and reduction in production of lymphokines required for signal transduction. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the retrovirus known to cause acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), leads to a state of anergy by causing similar immunological changes. Micronutrient abnormalities, concomitant infections and genetic factors, etc., are some of the compounding co-factors which further contribute to the deterioration of the immune functions in AIDS patients. Reversal of these immune abnormalities would improve the quality of life of HIV-infected individuals.

Papel del zinc en la nutrición / Paper of zinc in the nutrition

El conocimiento acerca del metabolismo del zinc y de su participación bioquímica en diversas funciones fisiológicas, han permitido explicar de este nutrimiento; es así como surge la necesidad de proteger a los grupos de población más vulnerables, empleando en la dieta alimentos que contienen este elemento. En el presente informe se abordan estos temas

Study of some trace elements and electrolytes of bile of Schistosomal hepatosplenomegaly

This work was carried out on 20 patients [18 males and 2 females] with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis and portal hypertension. Another 10 non-schistosomal patients [7 males and 3 females] were taken as controls. Thoracic duct exposure and cannulation was carried out and samples of lymph were obtained. These samples were subjected to special biochemical assays for the determination of the concentration of calcium, in organic phosphorus, copper and iron. This study showed insignificant change of the concentration of calcium and a significant increase of phosphorus, copper and iron concentrations in thoracic duct lymph of schistosomal cases as compared to the non-schistosomal controls

Effect of experimental nephrotic syndrome on some trace elements in the liver, skin and bone of rats

A renal disease simulating the nephrotic syndrome as seen in infants was induced in rats using anti-rat kidney serum prepared from rabbits. The heavy proteinuria [12.0 +/- 0.26 g/l] produced in nephrotic rats would result in the loss of metallo-proteins in urine. Trace elements Zn++, Mn++, Mo++, Ni++, Cr3+ and Fe3+ concentrations in the liver, skin and bone of both nephrotic and control rats were determined. The nephrotic rats showed depletion of Ni++ and Fe3+ in all tissues studied, whereas Zn++ and Mn++ concentrations were significantly decreased in the liver and skin, but not in the bone. In case of Cr3+, there was a significant increase in all the tissues studied. Mo++ showed a significant increase in the skin only. The mechanisms of these changes were discussed. Most of the manifestation of the nephrotic syndrome can be explained by the changes recorded for the trace elements in this study

Some trace metals in acute cardiac infarction

Correct diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction may determine the survival of the patient. It was reported that serum trace and bulk metals show a decrease after the attack of myocardial infarction and there is an imbalance of copper and zinc metabolism which might be a major factor in the etiology of coronary heart disease. From 20 patients of myocardial infarction and 10 healthy controls blood samples were taken for the estimation of copper and zinc levels by the atomic absorption spectrophotometric method and the relationship between zinc and acute myocardial infarction was studied